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The situations in which taxes can become due are varied. For example, a correct return may be filed but the tax liability it shows is not paid; incorrect returns may be made, accompanied by no payment or an incorrect amount; or it may be that no returns or payments are made at all. Therefore, FA 2009, Sch 56, as a comprehensive code for harmonised late payment penalties, has to encompass a wide variety of breaches of payment obligation.

Such obligations are listed in a table in the legislation which sets out the tax in question, the amount of tax payable, and the date after which a penalty is incurred¹. The approach of the table is to divide the amounts payable into three sections, each reflecting a different category of mechanism for creating the liability to pay:

1. Ìý

   (a)ÌýÌýÌýÌý principal amounts, ie self assessment and assessed liabilities arising from returns as made without amendment or correction

2. Ìý

   (b)ÌýÌýÌýÌý amounts payable in default of a return being made, ie liabilities that follow from failures