LNG Definition

Case studies

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GLOSSARY

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What does LNG mean?

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) can be defined as meaning any combustible hydrocarbon or mixture of hydrocarbons consisting primarily of methane and including other combustible and non-combustible gases in a gaseous state which are in a liquid state at or near atmospheric pressure at sea level. LNG is a form of processed natural gas; through the process of liquefaction it is transformed into a liquid which enables it to be transported to its destination where the liquid is regasified for sale.

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Court of Justice State aid appeals—ongoing cases tracker

Court of Justice State aid appeals—ongoing cases tracker The below tracks live Court of Justice appeal cases involving State aid (Articles 107 to 109 TFEU) and other actions for the recovery of aid. For completed cases, see Court of Justice State aid appeals—closed cases tracker. NOTE—completed appeals are moved from this document to the case trackers for closed appeals within seven days of the final court decision. For details of recent State aid decisions by the Commission, see EU State aid decisions—ongoing cases tracker, for details of State aid appeals before the General Court, see General Court State aid appeals—ongoing cases tracker, and for details of national reference cases before the Court of Justice involving State aid, see Court of Justice State aid national references—ongoing cases tracker. Appeals from the General Court Case Decision being appealed/issues Latest development Case C- 348/25 PGI Spain and Others v Commission Appeal of the General Court judgment in Case T- 596/22 dismissing an action for annulment against the Commission...

2030 Climate and Energy Framework—snapshot [Archived]

2030 Climate and Energy Framework—snapshot [Archived] ARCHIVED: This Practice Note has been archived and is not maintained. Overview The 2030 Climate and Energy Framework set three key targets for the year 2030: • at least 40% cuts in greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels • at least 27% share for renewable energy • at least 27% improvement in energy efficiency In 2018, these targets were revised under the Clean Energy for All Europeans Package (the Clean Energy Package) as follows: • at least 45% cuts in greenhouse gas emissions from 1990 levels • at least 32% share for renewable energy • at least 32.5% improvement in energy efficiency The framework was adopted by EU leaders in October 2014 (European Council meeting of October 2014). It builds on the 2020 Climate and Energy Package (see Practice Note: 2020 EU Climate and Energy Package—snapshot. The 2030 framework was designed in line with the longer term goals and actions set out in the 2050 Roadmap to a low carbon economy,...

Discover our 7 Practice Notes on LNG

Arbitration weekly highlights—15 May 2025

This week's edition of Arbitration weekly highlights includes: coverage of arbitration-related decisions from England, UAE, Singapore, France, Brazil and the USA; and updates from AAA-ICDR, VIAC, HKIAC, KCAB, SCMA, LCAM and ICCA. All this, and more, in our weekly highlights.

Interpreting arbitral awards—form, substance, and enforceability issues (Nigeria LNG Ltd v Taleveras Petroleum)

Arbitration analysis: In this case, the Court of Appeal considered an appeal concerning the interpretation of an arbitral award under English law, focusing on the distinction between the dispositive and non-dispositive sections of the award. The court ultimately held that the final dispositive section contained the tribunal’s operative orders, even though language appearing earlier in the award may have suggested otherwise. The court emphasised that while form and structure are not determinative, they are significant aids to interpretation. The judgment clarifies how courts should approach arbitral awards that include a formal dispositive section, particularly where disputes arise regarding the enforceability of statements made elsewhere in the award. It reaffirms the principle that the dispositive section generally reflects the tribunal’s final and binding orders, akin to the orders giving effect to court judgments. The decision also reinforces the commercial approach courts take in interpreting arbitral awards, prioritising the tribunal’s intention and avoiding undue focus on form over substance. Written by Oliver Browne, partner, at Paul Hastings (Europe) LLP.

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